Common Intermediate Language

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Written by Abhishek Ghosh

Common Intermediate Language (formerly called Microsoft Intermediate Language or MSIL) is the lowest-level human-readable programming language in the Common Language Infrastructure and in the .NET Framework. Languages which target the .NET Framework compile to CIL, which is assembled into bytecode. CIL is an object-oriented assembly language, and is entirely stack-based. It is executed by a virtual machine.

During compilation of .NET programming languages, the source code is translated into CIL code rather than platform or processor-specific object code. CIL is a CPU- and platform-independent instruction set that can be executed in any environment supporting the .NET framework CIL code is verified for safety during runtime, providing better security and reliability than natively compiled binaries.

Just-in-time compilation involves turning the byte-code into code immediately executable by the CPU.

Executing CIL :

• Source code is converted to Common Intermediate Language, .NET’s equivalent to Assembly language for a CPU.
• CIL is then assembled into bytecode and a .NET assembly is created.
• Upon execution of a .NET assembly, its bytecode is passed through the Common Language Runtime's JIT compiler to generate native code.
• The native code is executed by the computer's processor.

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